Lupine Publishers | Advances in Robotics & Mechanical Engineering

Journal of Robotics & Mechanical Engineering | Lupine Publishers

Smart Robotics for Smart Healthcare

Abstract

The technological advances in ICT, IoT and robotics have enabled development of specific, optimal service-based solutions for many societal issues and problems. Notably in the recent times smart, service-enabled robotics are being applied to impart smart healthcare solutions in healthcare domains like complex surgeries, elderly care, assistive technologies, patient care at home to name a few. This paper is devoted to highlighting how smart robotics is being and can be applied for delivering smart healthcare in varied healthcare perspectives and domain.
Keywords: Intelligent Robotics, Smart robotics, Healthcare, Assistive Technologies

Introduction

Robotics in healthcare holds the potential to aid a number of practices and tasks[1]. Robots can be used to aid people with cognitive, sensory and motor impairments [2]. They can also act as caregivers to ill, injured or elderly people [3]. They are also being utilized in performing complex surgeries in a trained manner [4]. Since long they have also been used to go inside the human body and scan for varied ailments etc. Robots are physically embodied machines that allow precise and real-time movement of instruments and perform functions in an accurate manner eradicating chances of human error [2]. Advancements in technology especially the proliferation of IoT based solutions has transformed a normal human life into smart living through creation of smart environments, smart homes and smart cities [5,6]. Advancements in medical sciences have further created avenues for smart healthcare solutions [7]. This manuscript gives a brief overview of how robotics is been used to enable smart healthcare to improve human life.

Advances in Healthcare Robotics

Robotics in the present times has proliferated by leaps and bounds delivering successful, precise services and solutions in a number of domains [2]. Robotics with IoT has even transformed healthcare and opened numerous avenues. Some of its key focus areas include: surgical and interventional robotics, rehabilitative robotics, clinical workforce support, elderly and people with disability care, assistive living etc [1], [7–10]. Human Surgery has typically witnessed phenomenal changes with the introduction of robotic surgery [2]. Robots are being successfully applied for a number of surgical operations as depicted in Figure 1 below:

Figure 1: Types of Robotic Surgery. .

Figure 1 above highlights the different avenues where robots have guided and performed minimally invasive surgeries [2]. Intuitive Surgical da Vinci robot has reportedly performed successful surgeries on almost 3 million patients worldwide [4]. They are being successfully used in neurosurgery to examine brain lesions without causing any major damage to the adjacent tissue. In orthopaedic surgeries robots shape the femur to fit prosthetic hip joint replacement with accuracy. With increased life expectancy due to better standards of living a growing demand has unfolded for assistive technologies, healthcare facilities and professionals to provide simple, affordable healthcare services to elderly people or people with disability in an unobtrusive manner. An IoT enabled solution to this demand has emerged in the form of smart homes equipped with wearable medical sensors, actuators and modern IT solutions [5]. ORCATECH Life Laboratory is one such in-house health monitoring solution [2]. Another requirement of trained health professional to provide look after and care to such patients has also been substituted by care bots to provide companionship or look after to patients [11].

Challenges in Healthcare Robotics Adoption

The advances in healthcare robotics are promising. However it is essential to still note some challenges in the domain and discuss how to overcome them. First and most importantly safety and reliability are critical to healthcare. There need to be efforts to ensure safe and gentle human-robot interactions. This especially needs to be taken care of when patients involved may be people with cognitive disabilities of kids. The next major challenge can be attributed to usability and acceptability of robots by clinicians as well as end users. This demands appropriate technical awareness and training. Only effective awareness, knowledge and training of all stakeholders involved in effective usage of healthcare robots can ensure successful usage of these robots. Another major limiting factor can be cost which includes their purchase, maintenance as well as training costs. Robot manufacturers should aim at devising techniques to manufacture and distribute well-trained and tested robots at the optimal possible costs.

Conclusion

Healthcare robotics has witnessed promising advances in the recent years. Their usage has also carved many successful stories validating their usage and application. However, how much they will be integrated into the lives of primary beneficiaries still remains unknown as this would be decided by a number of regulating environmental factors which may vary on a case to case basis as the beneficiaries involved are humans.

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Gyroscopic Torques Acting on Crushing Mill (ARME)- Lupine Publishers

Gyroscopic Torques Acting on Crushing Mill (ARME) - Lupine Publishers

Numerous mechanisms with rotating objects in engineering manifest gyroscopic effects, which mathematical models formulated on the law of kinetic energy conservation and the action of inertial torques. Known theories of gyroscopic effects are far from the practical result of the action inertial torques on the rotating objects. The new study demonstrates that the gyroscopic effects are the result of the simultaneous and interdependent action of the resistance and precession torques of rotating objects around different axes. The centrifugal and Coriolis forces are generated the first torques and the second one by the common inertial forces and the change in the angular momentum of the rotating mass of a spinning object. The principle of gyroscope effects has been applied in the crushing pendulum mills used for ore, seeds, etc., where the intense pressure is desired.

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Some Issues Concerned with PMU-Based Security Control of Electric Interconnected Systems(ARME)- Lupine Publisher

Some Issues Concerned with PMU-Based Security Control of Electric Interconnected Systems(ARME) - Lupine Publishers

The increasing consumption of electrical energy requires higher capacity both in generation as in transmission of electric power and expansion of the networks, including interconnection of systems and High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) links operating in parallel with Alternating Current Circuits (AC). This reinforces the requirement of having reliable wide area control schemes for obtaining an adequate dynamic security. During last years synchronized phasor measurements as part of a Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS) and Wide Area Monitoring, Protection and Control (WAMPAC) have been incorporated in electric systems of several countries becoming an important component for monitoring, control and protection.

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My Extended Body - From Cyborgs to Robots to Cyborgs(ARME)- Lupine Publisher

My Extended Body - From Cyborgs to Robots to Cyborgs(ARME) - Lupine Publishers

Relationships between humans and technology are constantly fraught with controversy, utopian idealism and in particular, dichotomies. In a recent short communications article titled “Insight into Bio Inspired Robotics” by Shaikh and Begum [1] present a bio inspired model of robotics that among other things includes soft robotics, plantoids and cyborgs. This is an interesting article for many reasons, such as the mimicry of living organisms to generate form and movement (biomimicry), inspiration from nature to create intelligent robotics that exceed the imagination in terms of their embodiment, and relevant to this short piece, the relationship between robotics and humans. Often times cyborgs and cyborgism are considered new concepts.

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Intelligent Robotics for Smart Agriculture(ARME) - Lupine Publishers

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Smart agriculture is a cyber-physical agriculture management concept involved in the observing, measuring and responding variability of crops in the agriculture management cycle. This paper is devoted to the intelligent robotics for smart agriculture. After the robotics demand analysis, the key technologies are proposed step by step, including robotics vision modeling and decision making, robotics pattern recognition and human-computer interaction decision, robotics function development and test verification.

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